Thursday, October 8, 2015

Information, Freedom, and Privacy Practices

Daniel J. Solove, author of The future of Reputation: Gossip, Rumor, and Privacy on the Internet talks a lot about what I am going to talk about in this blog. I want to inform readers about “…how the free flow of information on the Internet can make us less free” (Solove 2). The issues of free speech, the right to privacy, and freedom are all an issues on the Internet. “How do we allow people to control their personal information without curtailing free speech or stifling freedom on the Internet” (Solove 4). The answer is we don’t. According to uscourts.gov free speech includes the rights “Not to speak (specifically, the right not to salute the flag)”, “for students to wear black armbands to school to protest a war”, “to use certain offensive words and phrases to convey political messages”, “to contribute money (under certain circumstances) to political campaigns”, “to advertise commercial products and professional services (with some restrictions)”, and “to engage in symbolic speech, (e.g., burning the flag in protest)”. But these rights cannot all be withheld on the digital sphere. The right not to speak, to contribute money to political campaigns, and engage in symbolic speech are allowed on the Internet, but allowing people to protest war and to use certain offensive words or phrases are not always allowed on the Internet. Although certain sites allow different things than other, complete free speech is never allowed. People that want to use crude language or want to voice their opinions even if they are in a rude manner are not always welcomed by others I the digital sphere. I think what would be easier to understand is what freedom of speech does not include. It does not include the right “to incite actions that would harm others”, “to make or distribute obscene materials”, “to burn draft cards as an anti-war protest”, “to permit students to print articles in a school newspaper over the objections of the school administration”, “of students to make an obscene speech as a school-sponsored event”, or “of students to advocate illegal drug use as a school sponsored event” (uscourts.gov). So when people do these things on the Internet, they claim that they are allowed to do these things because of their right to have free speech, but in all reality many of don’t know what free speech really is, so when they get into trouble or their stuff gets deleted they don’t know why.
The more time we spend online, the more we are willing to share more and more personal information. What we put on the Internet is no longer private. Anyone can take what you put on the Internet and view it, alter it, copy it, and share it with anyone. “Details about your private life on the internet can become permanent digital baggage” (Solove 10).
Carlos Jensen, Colin Potts, and Christian Jensen, authors of Privacy practices of Internet users: Self-reports versus observed behavior, a journal article out of the International Journal of Human-Computer Studies academic journal did a survey about the privacy practice of internet users. They had 175 volunteer subjects and the survey was done online. They were asked a series of multiple choice demographic questions, were anonymous, and were not given an opportunity to give any personally identifying information. The results are shown below. 
Table 2.
Population privacy classification
Harris-Westin Polls

Survey—2004 (Count)
1999 (%)
2000 (%)
2001 (%)
2003 (%)
Fundamentalist
25
25
34
26
34% (32)
Pragmatist
54
63
58
64
43% (40)
Unconcerned
22
12
8
10
23% (21)
Percentage of the population as classified by the Westin Privacy Segmentation, and our Westin equivalence test.
“We classified a participant as a “Fundamentalist” if he or she gave a privacy-oriented response to four of these five questions (and no negative answers). A participant was classified as “Unconcerned” if he or she gave no privacy-oriented responses (and at most one neutral response) to these five questions. The remaining participants were classified as Pragmatists” (Jensen, Potts, Jensen).
Later the subject’s attitudes toward privacy was surveyed. The results are shown below.
Table 3.
Participant privacy attitudes and concerns
Agree

Neutral

Disagree

All (%)
F (%)
M (%)
All (%)
F (%)
M (%)
All (%)
F (%)
M (%)
I am concerned about online identity theft*
61.3
79.0
55.9
20.4
10.5
22.1
18.3
10.5
22.1
I am concerned about online credit card fraud
66.7
84.2
60.3
16.1
5.3
19.1
17.2
10.5
20.6
I am concerned about my privacy online*
72.0
89.5
69.1
15.1
0.0
17.7
12.9
10.5
13.2
I am concerned about my privacy in everyday life*
59.1
73.7
52.9
23.7
15.8
26.5
17.2
10.5
20.6
I am likely to read the privacy policy of a site I visit for the first time
23.7
47.4
17.7
15.1
21.1
14.7
61.3
31.6
67.7
I am likely to read the privacy policy of a site which does not ask me for information
7.5
15.8
2.9
6.5
5.3
7.4
86.0
79.0
89.7
I am likely to read the privacy policy of an ecommerce site before buying anything*
43.0
79.0
35.3
25.8
21.1
25.0
31.2
0.0
39.7
I am likely to re-check the privacy policies of sites I frequently visit
7.5
10.5
4.4
9.7
10.5
8.8
82.8
79.0
86.8
What privacy policies say frequently influences my decision whether to visit or use a websites
19.4
26.3
16.2
37.6
31.6
36.8
43.0
42.1
47.1
Privacy policies accurately reflect what companies do*
16.1
15.8
14.7
50.5
52.6
50.0
33.3
31.6
35.3
Privacy policies are easy to find
36.6
21.1
38.2
35.5
52.6
32.4
28.0
26.3
29.4
It is important to me that websites publish privacy policies
68.8
63.2
69.1
19.4
31.6
17.7
11.8
5.3
13.2
Response rates to privacy attitudes survey items. Questions used to map participants to the three Westin categories are marked with a “*”.


In conclusion the study showed that “even self-selected volunteers in a survey on online privacy, who are therefore likely predisposed to think about privacy issues, and who know that their online behavior is being monitored, still show remarkable ignorance and inappropriately placed trust in their actions” (Jensen, Potts, Jensen).


https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=F6liiKZwX_oC&oi=fnd&pg=PR5&dq=privacy+on+the+internet&ots=wfqf6cg9CL&sig=bhmpijNTJdpmEZ6Iq8VRP3qQJ2M#v=onepage&q=privacy%20on%20the%20internet&f=false

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1071581905000650



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